Overview

Beyond JSO’s long-running 287(g) Jail Enforcement Model (2008-present, see the Illegal Immigration Enforcement Act entry), Duval County has seen two additional 2025-2026 developments worth tracking as distinct signals: expansion of the more aggressive 287(g) Task Force Model (TFM) to a second local agency (Neptune Beach PD), and sustained organized community opposition that has already produced one concrete reinstatement win.

Key Details

287(g) Task Force Model expansion

• Neptune Beach Police Department has signed on to the 287(g) program under the Task Force Model, which — unlike the Jail Enforcement Model — allows ICE-trained local officers to inquire into immigration status during routine policing (e.g., traffic stops), not just at intake. TFM was revived nationally by a January 2025 executive order after being discontinued for years due to racial-profiling concerns; agreements nationwide jumped from zero to 441 by mid-August 2025.
• Statewide, Florida Senate Bill 2C (2025) pushed all 67 county sheriffs into TFM authority on top of any prior JEM arrangements, meaning JSO itself may now also hold TFM authority in addition to its 2008-vintage JEM agreement — this needs a direct ICE 287(g) list confirmation on a future pass.
• Sheriff T.K. Waters (JSO) sits on Governor DeSantis’s State Immigration Enforcement Council, a four-sheriff body coordinating state-level immigration policy — giving Duval outsized influence on how TFM authority is used statewide, not just locally.

Community resistance

• The Jacksonville Immigrant Rights Alliance (JIRA) has organized recurring protests, including a large downtown rally outside the federal courthouse demanding JSO and other Duval-area agencies end ICE agreements entirely.
• In January 2026, Yanira “Yaya” Cardona, the city’s Hispanic Outreach Coordinator, was placed on administrative leave after posting an Instagram Live video warning residents of reported ICE activity (speed traps, and enforcement targeting lawn-care, A/C, and construction vehicles on Emerson St., Beach Blvd., and Atlantic Blvd.). The city said the discipline was for posting an uncleared message on the clock, not the content. Protesters organized outside City Hall demanding her reinstatement; the city reinstated her January 23, 2026 — a rare concrete resistance win in the pipeline’s Florida coverage.
• This resistance activity runs concurrent with, and is a direct reaction to, the Illegal Immigration Enforcement Act ordinance (2025-0147-E) and the broader Operation Tidal Wave state enforcement push (10,400+ state-level arrests April 2025-January 2026 statewide).

Why it matters

Duval combines three reinforcing signal types rarely all confirmed together at this depth: (1) a mature, decades-old 287(g) JEM pipeline, (2) fresh TFM expansion pushing street-level enforcement beyond jail intake, and (3) a first-in-nation local criminalization ordinance — all inside a consolidated city-county government that collapses the usual local/county enforcement seams. Organized resistance (JIRA, the Cardona reinstatement) shows the county is contested ground, not passive territory, which matters for forecasting how fast the jail-replacement site (500 acres, see companion county-fight entry) could be positioned to expand federal hold capacity.

Sources

• Explainer: Training Under the Revived 287(g) Task Force Model (National Immigration Forum)
• How Florida Is Pushing for Increased Local Cooperation With ICE (Governing)
• All 67 Fla. sheriffs sign ICE agreements allowing for ‘street-level immigration enforcement’ (Police1)
• Jacksonville protestors bash ICE operations, demand city employee who posted controversial video be reinstated (News4Jax, Jan 16, 2026)
• City of Jacksonville employee reinstated after internal investigation into ICE-related comments (First Coast News)
• Jacksonville protestors demand local law enforcement to end agreements with ICE (Action News Jax)
• ICE ERO 287(g) Task Force Model Florida Points of Contact (FPCA, Aug 29, 2025)